Becoming a Canadian citizen is a proud achievement for newcomers—it represents safety, stability, and full membership in one of the world’s most respected democracies. But citizenship in Canada, while secure for the vast majority, can be revoked under certain serious circumstances.
In particular, the Canadian government has the legal right to revoke citizenship if it was obtained through fraud, misrepresentation, or knowingly withholding important facts during the application process.
Let’s break down Canada’s policies on revoking citizenship, why it happens, how the process works, and what rights citizens have when facing this situation.
What Does Citizenship Revocation Mean?
Revocation of citizenship is when the Government of Canada legally cancels a person’s Canadian citizenship. This means the individual no longer has the rights and protections of a citizen—including the right to vote, hold a Canadian passport, or receive certain government services.
It is a serious action and only pursued in specific cases outlined by Canadian law.
Why Can Citizenship Be Revoked?
As of 2025, under the Citizenship Act, Canada may revoke someone’s citizenship for the following primary reasons:
1. False Representation or Fraud
This includes intentionally providing false or misleading information on:
- Citizenship applications
- Immigration documents
- Permanent residence applications
- Refugee claims
Example: Someone claims they were living in Canada for 3 years but falsified documents to meet the physical presence requirement.
2. Omitting Material Facts
Even if you don’t lie outright, leaving out important facts that could affect your eligibility is considered misrepresentation.
Example: A person fails to disclose a criminal conviction in another country when applying for citizenship.
3. Criminal Activity Related to Human Rights Violations
In rare cases, Canada may revoke citizenship for individuals found to have committed serious offenses such as:
- War crimes
- Crimes against humanity
- Participation in organized crimes like terrorism
What Is NOT Grounds for Revocation?
It’s important to note:
Canadian citizenship cannot be revoked for political views, religious beliefs, or simple criminal charges unless those charges involved fraud in obtaining citizenship.
Also, natural-born Canadians (those born in Canada) cannot have their citizenship revoked unless they obtained dual citizenship through fraud and would otherwise not have been Canadian at all.
How Common Is Citizenship Revocation?
Citizenship revocations are rare, but they do happen.
According to IRCC data:
Between 2015 and 2022, Canada revoked about 300 to 400 citizenships—primarily due to fraud in residency claims, identity misrepresentation, or fake documentation.
Revocations involving war crimes or national security threats are extremely rare.
How Does the Revocation Process Work?
The process of revoking citizenship is handled by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).
Here’s a simplified overview of what happens:
Step 1: Allegation and Review
IRCC identifies a concern—often through audits, whistleblowers, or information sharing with international agencies.
If they believe there is enough evidence of fraud or misrepresentation, they begin an internal review.
Step 2: Notice of Intent to Revoke Citizenship
The individual receives a formal Notice of Intent to Revoke Citizenship, detailing:
- The allegations
- The legal basis for revocation
- The supporting evidence
The person has 60 days to respond, provide explanations, or challenge the claims. This is where legal representation becomes crucial.
Step 3: Decision-Making
Depending on the case, one of two things happens:
For simpler cases (fraud, misrepresentation):
The Minister of Immigration may make the decision directly after reviewing the response and evidence.
For complex or disputed cases:
The case may be referred to the Federal Court of Canada, where a judge will make a ruling.
Step 4: Outcome
If the revocation is approved:
- The person loses their Canadian citizenship.
- They revert to permanent resident status (if still valid).
- In some cases, removal (deportation) proceedings may begin.
Can You Appeal a Citizenship Revocation?
Yes. If your citizenship is revoked, you have the right to:
- Apply for judicial review in the Federal Court (within 30 days).
- Argue your case through a lawyer or representative.
- Present evidence and explain any honest mistakes or misunderstandings.
It’s important to act quickly—these cases have firm deadlines and can be complex.
Can You Reapply for Citizenship After Revocation?
In some cases—yes.
If your citizenship was revoked due to misrepresentation or fraud, you may be allowed to:
- Remain in Canada as a permanent resident (if eligible)
- Reapply for citizenship after 5 years, as long as you meet all the requirements and are honest on your new application
However, if your status was also revoked and you are ordered removed from Canada, you may need to start the entire immigration process again from outside the country.
How to Protect Yourself
For most newcomers and naturalized citizens, this process is nothing to fear—as long as your information was accurate and truthful. That said, it’s always good to keep your records and documents in order.
Tips to Stay Protected:
- Always be honest and complete on immigration and citizenship forms
- Disclose all criminal history and international travel
- Keep copies of your application and supporting documents
- Report any changes in your status (e.g., marriage, address, employment) when asked
- If unsure, consult an Canadian citizenship lawyer or certified consultant
Final Thoughts
Canadian citizenship is a privilege that carries immense benefits—and serious responsibilities. While revocation is rare, it’s a powerful reminder that the truth matters in the immigration and naturalization process.
If you or someone you know is facing a revocation notice, don’t panic—but don’t delay, either. Legal help and honest documentation are your best defense. Get in touch with Citizenship Lawyer today!
